The president of the Spanish Bishops’ Conference (CEE, by its Spanish acronym), Archbishop Luis Argüello, addressed the problem of polarization and its effects as he opened the bishops’ 129th plenary assembly.
In addition to offering a reflection on the popeʼs upcoming June 6–12 apostolic journey to Spain, the archbishop of Valladolid devoted a large portion of his address to analyzing the issue of polarization, which carries significant consequences both within and outside the Catholic Church.
Drawing upon a doctrinal note published by the CEE in March, which warned of the dangers of emotivism, a phenomenon he defined as fundamentally based on emotions. Argüello said that “reductionism based on emotivism poses a genuine risk,” one that spreads to social, ecclesial, and political coexistence through polarization.
This polarization based on emotions “transforms opinions into identities,” such that fear becomes “the strongest factor undergirding polarization. One’s opponent is no longer viewed as someone with whom one disagrees, but rather as a threat,” which leads to dehumanization.
Argüello emphasized that this phenomenon “denies the polarities that constitute us and make us fruitful,” namely, the Trinitarian polarity, which is “foundational to all others”; the anthropological polarity, male and female; the polarity of “you and I, ourselves and society”; and the polarity of “history and eternal life.”
Polarization affects the life of the Church
The prelate addressed how this phenomenon affects the life of the Catholic Church, alluding to a “typically polarizing controversy” that arose in various media outlets regarding a conversation held by members of the CEE executive committee with Pope Leo XIV in November 2025.
The controversy surrounded leaked comments from the meeting attributed to Pope Leo, who purportedly said that his greatest concern in Spain is the “far right,” according to some media outlets. The CEE explained, however, that “in the dialogue, the Holy Father reflected, among other things, on the risks of subjecting faith to ideologies, without mentioning any specific group.”
“Ideologies in postmodern societies participate in the interplay of identity, belonging, and polarization, serving the struggle for power. Theological thought — and, stemming from it, ecclesial life and pastoral action — are also affected by ideological reductionism,” Argüello noted.
The consequence is that these positions “wound the deposit of faith, cause division within the Church, and anesthetize the missionary power of the Gospel,” he added.
Polarization and synodality
Argüello also listed other negative fruits of polarization in various spheres, such as human anthropology, attitudes toward immigrants, the Churchʼs role in public life, whether Spain is a single nation or a nation composed of nations, and ecclesiology.
Argüello pointed out that “democracy, when lived as an ideology, seeks to be applied to all dimensions of existence; it disrupts genuine synodality — a shared discernment aimed at being more faithful to the missionary mandate of the Lord — and transforms it into an exercise in the distribution of power based on the theological-pastoral preferences of the participants.”
“By way of contrast, clericalism, both ideological and emotional, views every form of participation with suspicion and rejects synodality under the pretext that it threatens legitimate authority, yet this merely masks the ambition to retain absolute power over the Christian community,” he stated.
Government forcing agreements
The president of the CEE also addressed relations with public authorities and denounced certain attitudes on the part of the government. Although the Spanish state is defined in its constitution as “non-confessional,” the prelate remarked ironically that the executive branch “tends to adopt ‘confessional’ stances” — for instance, in matters of anthropology.
“It also adopts a confessional perspective on history, and a selective one regarding victims,” he added. Furthermore, it “manifests an excessive desire to intervene in civil society and to control institutions,” as well as “double standards, depending on who is affected by matters of abuse of power or corruption. All of this is done in an effort to secure control over the media.”
Argüello stated that “several of these characteristics would apply to almost all governments” and renewed his commitment to cooperation, though not without first noting that despite having engaged in dialogue with Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez regarding various matters, “this government’s priority interest, the only one on which it has sought to force agreements, has been the issue of the abuse of minors committed solely within the Church, and the re-signification of the Valley of the Fallen,” the monumental complex dedicated to combatants on both sides of the 1936–1939 Spanish Civil War.
The prelate further took issue with Justice Minister Félix Bolaños’ assertion made following the signing of the protocol to assist victims of abuse, that “the government decides and the Church pays,” pointing out that the Church “has provided compensation, in many cases, without any government or court ruling having imposed it.”
Regarding the situation of the Basilica of the Holy Cross at the Valley of the Fallen, Argüello invited “the government and the monks of the Abbey of the Valley of Cuelgamuros to reach a reasonable and satisfactory agreement for both parties — one that, moreover, serves as a testament that it is possible to overcome polarization and find paths for reconciliation.
This story was first published by ACI Prensa, the Spanish-language sister service of EWTN News. It has been translated and adapted by EWTN News English.
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