EWTN News Explains: What Does It Mean That the Pope Is Both Head of State and Head of the Church?

Daniel Ibáñez
Pope Leo XIV celebrates Mass at the Basilica of St. Mary of the Angels in Assisi, Italy, on Aug. 6, 2026.

What do the Holy Father’s two roles mean in the context of his day-to-day work as the visible leader of the world’s Catholics?

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