Today in Papal History: Italian Normans Overpower the Pope’s Armies…

Michael Lentz is an expert on the Normans and the creator of Memory Medieval on Substack, Youtube, and X (formerly Twitter), and he joined me to tell the story of the 11th Century Battle of Civitate, in which the Italian Normans fought the pope’s armies and emerged victorious. But we didn’t just talk about the battle itself…

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